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HeatmapLayer

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HeatmapLayer can be used to visualize spatial distribution of data. It internally implements Gaussian Kernel Density Estimation to render heatmaps. Note that this layer does not support all platforms; see "limitations" section below.

import {Deck} from '@deck.gl/core';
import {HeatmapLayer} from '@deck.gl/geo-layers';

const layer = new HeatmapLayer({
  id: 'HeatmapLayer',
  data: 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/visgl/deck.gl-data/master/website/sf-bike-parking.json',

  aggregation: 'SUM',
  getPosition: d => d.COORDINATES,
  getWeight: d => d.SPACES,
  radiusPixels: 25
});

new Deck({
  initialViewState: {
    longitude: -122.4,
    latitude: 37.74,
    zoom: 11
  },
  controller: true,
  layers: [layer]
});

Installation​

To install the dependencies from NPM:

npm install deck.gl
# or
npm install @deck.gl/core @deck.gl/layers @deck.gl/aggregation-layers
import {HeatmapLayer} from '@deck.gl/aggregation-layers';
import type {HeatmapLayerProps} from '@deck.gl/aggregation-layers';

new HeatmapLayer<DataT>(...props: HeatmapLayerProps<DataT>[]);

To use pre-bundled scripts:

<script src="https://unpkg.com/deck.gl@^9.0.0/dist.min.js"></script>
<!-- or -->
<script src="https://unpkg.com/@deck.gl/core@^9.0.0/dist.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/@deck.gl/layers@^9.0.0/dist.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/@deck.gl/aggregation-layers@^9.0.0/dist.min.js"></script>
new deck.HeatmapLayer({});

Properties​

Inherits from all Base Layer and CompositeLayer properties.

Render Options​

radiusPixels (number, optional) transition-enabled​

  • Default: 30

Radius of the circle in pixels, to which the weight of an object is distributed.

colorRange (Color[], optional)​

The color palette used in the heatmap, as an array of colors [color1, color2, ...]. Each color is in the format of [r, g, b, [a]]. Each channel is a number between 0-255 and a is 255 if not supplied.

See the colorDomain section below for how weight values are mapped to colors in colorRange.

intensity (number, optional) transition-enabled​

  • Default: 1

Value that is multiplied with the total weight at a pixel to obtain the final weight. A value larger than 1 biases the output color towards the higher end of the spectrum, and a value less than 1 biases the output color towards the lower end of the spectrum.

threshold (number, optional) transition-enabled​

  • Default: 0.05

The HeatmapLayer reduces the opacity of the pixels with relatively low weight to create a fading effect at the edge. A larger threshold smoothens the boundaries of color blobs, while making pixels with low relative weight harder to spot (due to low alpha value).

threshold is defined as the ratio of the fading weight to the max weight, between 0 and 1. For example, 0.1 affects all pixels with weight under 10% of the max.

threshold is ignored when colorDomain is specified.

colorDomain (number[2], optional) transition-enabled​

  • Default: null

Controls how weight values are mapped to the colorRange, as an array of two numbers [minValue, maxValue].

When colorDomain is specified, a pixel with minValue is assigned the first color in colorRange, a pixel with maxValue is assigned the last color in colorRange, and any value in between is linearly interpolated. Pixels with weight less than minValue gradually fade out by reducing alpha, until 100% transparency representing 0. Pixels with weight more than maxValue are capped to the last color in colorRange.

  • If using aggregation: 'SUM', values in colorDomain are interpreted as weight per square meter.
  • If using aggregation: 'MEAN', values in colorDomain are interpreted as weight.

When this prop is not specified, the maximum value is automatically determined from the current viewport, and the domain is set to [maxValue * threshold, maxValue]. This default behavior ensures that the colors are distributed somewhat reasonably regardless of the data in display. However, as a result, the color at a specific location is dependent on the current viewport and any other data points within view. To obtain a stable color mapping (e.g. for displaying a legend), you need to provide a custom colorDomain.

aggregation (string, optional)​

  • Default: 'SUM'

Operation used to aggregate all data point weights to calculate a pixel's color value. One of 'SUM' or 'MEAN'. 'SUM' is used when an invalid value is provided.

The weight of each data object is distributed to all the pixels in a circle centered at the object position. The weight that a pixel receives is inversely proportional to its distance from the center. In 'SUM' mode, pixels that fall into multiple circles will have the sum of all weights. In 'MEAN' mode, pixels that fall into multiple circles will have their weight calculated as the weighted average from all the neighboring data points. And the weight of the pixel determines its color.

weightsTextureSize (number, optional)​

  • Default: 2048

weightsTextureSize specifies the size of weight texture. Smaller texture sizes can improve rendering performance. Heatmap aggregation calculates the maximum weight value in the texture and the process can take 50-100 ms for 2048x2048 texture, but only 5-7ms for 512x512 texture. Smaller texture sizes lead to visible pixelation.

debounceTimeout (number, optional)​

  • Default: 500

debounceTimeout is an interval in milliseconds during which changes to the viewport don't trigger aggregation. Large datasets combined with a large radiusPixels can cause freezes during user interactions due to aggregation updates. Setting positive debounceTimeout delays aggregation updates and prevents freezes during the interaction. As a side effect, the user has to wait to see updated results after the end of the interaction.

Data Accessors​

getPosition (Accessor<Position>, optional)​

  • Default: object => object.position

Method called to retrieve the position of each point.

getWeight (Accessor<number>, optional)​

  • Default: 1

Method called to retrieve weight of each point. By default each point will use a weight of 1.

Limitations​

The HeatmapLayer performs aggregation on the GPU. This feature is fully supported in evergreen desktop browsers, but limited in the following platforms due to partial WebGL support:

  • iOS Safari: WebGL context does not support rendering to a float texture. The layer therefore falls back to an 8-bit low-precision mode, where weights must be integers and the accumulated weights in any pixel cannot exceed 255.

Source​

modules/aggregation-layers/src/heatmap-layer